GREAT PLACES OF UKRAINE. Visit Ukrainian cities to meet Ukrainian women.

There are a lot of nice cities in Ukraine where live beautiful Ukrainian women. One of such cities is Lugansk or Luhansk. Luhans'k is situated in the east of Ukraine. The city is situated on the banks of the Luhan River and the Olkhova River. Luhansk borders on Russia. This city is a business, industrial, scientific and cultural centre of Ukraine. More than 300,000 people live and work there. Luhansk was founded in 1798 by Kateryna II. At first it was a small settlement but soon it grew bigger and bigger. The history of this town began in the settlement of Kamenny Brod, one of the parts of Luhansk. The town is very famous for its historic beautiful monuments, nice parks, drama theatres, big cathedrals and green squares. In the centre of the town you can see the monument to Taras Shevchenko, the national poet of Ukraine.

There are two theatres in Luhansk � the Ukrainian Muse Theatre and Russian Drama Theatre. For children there is also the Puppet Theatre. From September to May young citizens of Lugansk can visit the circus which performances are always wonderful. Luhansk is a green town. There are a lot of green trees, beautiful flowers and furry bushes in it. If you want to have a good rest you can go to the green parks. The greatest park is the park of the First of May.

There are many museums in the town. They are the Museum of Regional Study, the Memorial Museum of Dal, the founder of the Dictionary of the Russian language, Art Museum, the Museum of History and Culture of Luhansk. The main street in Luhansk is Sovetskaya Street There are many stadiums, swimming pools and sports grounds in Lugansk. You can find many schools, colleges, institutes, universities and libraries there. You can meet many nice Ukrainian women in Lugansk if you visit this wonderful city or you can meet single women from Lugansk if you follow this link.

TNE LAND WHERE THE UKRAINIANS LIVE.

THE UKRAINIANS who live there, they know that they live in one of the most ancient towns of Ukraine. Its name is Dubno. It's situated on the Ikva River, 45 km from Rivne. Every town as well as every person has its own fate and biography. And the more ancient the town, the more interesting it is to speak about its past. We can find first written mentions about this town under the name Duben in Ipatiivsky chronicle of 1099. First, let's mention the emblem of this town. The word "emblem" has foreign origin, in translation from German it means "legacy" "(inheritance)." What was the emblem of the town? There were 18 oak leaves on the golden background of the shield of the emblem. And in one of the top corners there was a diminished emblem of Volyn province.

On the red background, there was a silver cross. The emblem was crowned with a three-tower crown; on both sides of the shield, there were two golden spikes entwined with a red ribbon. Golden colour symbolised wealth, loyalty, justice and magnanimity, silver colour symbolised innocence and the cleanness of thoughts of the inhabitants of the town.

Green is the colour of hope and sufficiency. In addition, oak leaves, which are on the coat of arms, since olden days were considered to show the character of force, and explained the origin of the name of the town. Many Ukrainian Researchers think that a small village of Dubencka stood on the place of a town many years ago. The name of a modem town comes from it. In 1240, Dubno shared the fate of many former Volyn towns and villages. It was ruined by Tartar-Mongols and had remained in such a condition for tan years and lost its value.

In 1340, Volyn' was conquered by Lithuania. In accordance with the deed of king Yagayl from November 4, 1386, Dubno was passed under the contradiction of prince Fedir Ostrozkyi New owners aimed to build the reliable settlement. In 1492, the castle was built here and it is considered to be the most interesting building in the town. The history of Dubno castle is unique. It was founded in 1492 during prince Ostrozkyi feign. It had been reconstructed and changed its original form more than once. The defensive walls were erected and brushed, deep ditches filled with water of the river were dug. The last reconstruction of the Castle took place in the time of prince Liubomyrskyi in Dubno. The palace was changed. It happened 200 years ago. This residence was called a fairytale palace. Dancing parties and balls for wealthy people were held in spacious halls of the castle.

Rooms were decorated with the marble sculptures of Greek goddesses; the walls were decorated with paintings. The parquet floor was made of the valuable wood. The roof was covered with red tiles. It gave the palace a special spirit and it looks wonderful on the background of green trees and water. The strong fortress was strengthened. It has been mostly preserved until these days. On June 6, 1498, Prince Ostrozkyi got a deed from a Lithuanian prince Aleksander about transformation of the village of Dubno into the town. In 1507, a town got Magdeburg right and permission to arrange weekly markets and annual fairs. About 30 thousand local and overseas merchants from Vienna, Warsaw, Leipzig, Istanbul, and Moscow came here.

Dubno was growing and becoming an attractive town. Trade and handicrafts, typical for those times, were developed. There were weave, shoe and blacksmith workshops in the town. In 1577, Dubno was attacked by Tartars. It was almost burnt but the Castle was preserved. The Swedish were near its walls. More than once a town was under siege by Cossack detachments of Bohdan Khinelnytskyi, against the gentry that converted Dubno into Catholicism. The Catholic Bernard monasteries and Carmelite Complex were the witnesses of those times and events.

The town also witnessed the liberation war of the Ukrainian people of 1648-1654 led by Maksym Kryvonis. After the disintegration of the Russian empire in February 1917, Dubno district was included in the UNR. After signing Riga agreement on March 18, 1921, Dubno was attached to the territory of Poland. During German occupation in 1941-1944, Dubno people fought against Gorman fascists, and then Stalin regime.

In all historical times Dubno has always been the centre of cultural and religious life. There were many churches and monasteries in it. Famous people visited the town and wrote about Dubno; among them are Hryhoriy Skovoroda, a travelling philosopher and poet; Taras Shcvchenko, the Ukrainian prophet and genius; Mykhailo Kutuzov, the prominent Russian General; Ivan Vyshenskyi, Meletniy Smotrytskyi, Demian Nalyvaiko, Lesia Ukrainka, Ivan Franko, Mykola Lysenko, Onore de Balsak and others. Dubno is glorified by N.Gogol in "Taras Boulba".

Today Dubno is a district centre of Rivne region, situated 360 km from Kyiv. There are many enterprises in the town, private business is being developed. Dubno can boast of the numerous places of interest, among them there is the Castle that was rebuilt in the 17 century according to the neo-Italian style. At various times it belonged to princes Ostrovskyi and Liubomyrskyi. You can also set Spaso - Preobrazhenska Church; the Church of St Bernard Monastery of the 17 century. It was built in the Rococo style and its paintings dating to the 18t century have been preserved until nowadays; Carmelite Convent Complex (1630-1686), Lutky Gates, l5 centuries. They are located on the freeway, from Dubno to Luts'k, the gates were the foundation! of the city fortifications. They are a unique example of defence fortifications that are not found anywhere else in Ukraine.
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THE POLTAVA BATTLE MUSEUM .

The Poltava Battle Museum was opened in 1909 on the eve of celebration of the 200 anniversary of the battle of Poltava. Two years before the State Commission headed by General Bilderling was appointed to prepare the opening ceremony of the museum on the battlefield in Tsar Mykola 2 presence. First, it was determined to place the museum in the annex of St Sampsony Church that is situated close to the Common grave of Russian warriors.

Afterwards a separate small single-stored building for the museum was built not far from the church. The Poltava Battle Museum was founded due to the efforts of Ivan Pavlovskyi, a teacher of history at Poltava cadet school. He was the first director of this museum. The initial exposition was not large, it included old Russian and Swedish arms, flags, commanders' portraits. After the rebel of 1917, the Poltava battle Museum as well as many others turned out to be unattended. It was robbed for many times in the 1920s.

In 1921, all the remained exhibits were transferred to the city Museum of Local Lore and Poltava Battle Museum stopped its existence. After World War II the question concerning the renewing of the museum was raised. In 1949, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution on the creation of a new Poltava Battle Museum. It was inaugurated in 1950, in the former hospital building that was built at the end of the 19 century for the disabled veterans of Russian - Turkish war. Many famous history and art museums of Moscow, St Petersburg, Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Lviv were involved in the creation of the new exposition. They shared with a new museum their reach collections of old cold steel and firearms, regimental flags and household goods.

Later the building was extended and some new halls were added. In one of the new halls, painters of battle pieces from Moscow created a big diorama of the battle. Many tourists from Ukraine and other countries visit this museum each year. They have a unique opportunity to familiarize themselves with the decisive battle of the Great Northern War. In 1981, the museum, the Poltava battle monuments and battlefield were declared a "State Historical and Cultural Reserve".

Today there are many invaluable exhibits in the museum halls (such as cold steel and guns, medals and old coins, portraits, engravings, battle flags, old books, uniforms, maps and other historical documents) relating to one of the most famous battles of the 18 century. The exposition of this hall depicts a geopolitical situation In Europe on the eve of the Great Northern War. Our famous hetman Bohdan Khmelnyiskyi who was a leader of the national liberation war in the middle of the 17 century decided to establish good relations with Sweden in the times of Queen Kristina. After her demise in favour of a new, Swedish King Charles X Gustav was keeping on his negotiations with the main purpose to gain independence from the Russian empire under the protection of the Swedish Crown. Unfortunately, he didn't manage to sign this treaty because of his death in August 1657. Another Ukrainian hetman Ivan Mazepa was lucky to sign the treaty in 1709.

In 1689, young Tsar Peter I wrested control of the Russian state from the regent Sophia. His state didn't have any lands on the Baltic Sea. The main goal of Peter I was to get the gateway to the West via the Baltic Sea. As Swedish territory cut the Russian state off from the sea, the conflict was inevitable. But who could presume that the main battle for the lands on the coast of the Baltic Sea would take place so far from the coast near the small Ukrainian city Poltava. Under the reigns of Charles X and Charles XI, the empire was at .the peak of its power and the Baltic Sea was regarded as a Swedish lake. When Charles XI died in 1697, his fifteen-year-old son Charles was next in line to the throne. It was an opportunity for the neighbouring states to dismember the empire. An alliance was formed by Russia, Denmark and Poland-Saxony and the Great Northern War broke out.

In this hall you can see the flags of the countries involved in the Great Northern War, the portraits of Alexey Romanov, Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, and Charles X Gustav; the clothing belonged to Peter I that allows everyone to imagine the real size of the Tsar.

POLTAVA FORTRESS. During the 80s of the 10 century the system of fortifications was created along the main Ukrainian rivers. It included a few defensive lines and eighteen fortresses. Most of them were situated on the territory of modem Poltava region. Almost all of them were razed to the ground after the invasion of Batyikhan, but some fortresses survived. They had been under renovation since the end of 15 century, and more modem fortresses such as Poltava appeared. It is famous for its outstanding role in the Great Northern War.

About Ukrainian women and men. Stereotypes about women and men.

Very often in our life we rely on different stereotypes about women and men. We just use them, "taste", even "digest", but don't think whether they are appropriate or not. Time passes, our world changes and people too. With the modernisation of our life we can observe the breaking of some stereotypes. In most cases we got used to have a weak woman and a strong man, who is clever, resourceful and brave. These men leave their homes to solve riddles, to find their fortune. Girls, on the other hand, stay at home and sweep hearth, they are patient, enduring, self-sacrificing and many Ukrainian women are really so as we desribe here. They, for example, may live with step-mothers, who are very wicked. If they go somewhere, they may get lost in the wood. But handsome princes rescue for them. They marry and live happily ever after. Woman is placed in different strange and difficult situations, and for the saving of their lives they need a strong man. But this is appealing to those who like fairy tales.

In our modern society we can see that the accent is on the women's strength. They have the will, and they are strong enough to pass through the great number of difficulties. It is in the woman's nature, because she gives a birth to a child, she bears him; she can suffer strong pain during the childbirth. And all people think that men are strong physically, but we can prove that there are women as strong as men are, but the so-called �privilege� of women is that they can endure moral pain, but men can not.

And very often in the 21st century we can see the changing of the roles and places of women and men. Near a brave and strong woman we may see a man who is slight and stooping, scarcely more than a boy. But earlier it wasn't so. In this sense the figure of a woman becomes more attractive not only because of her beautiful appearance and inner strength, but also because of her powerful place and position in the world. A large number of men think that a woman is theirs, she belongs to her husband, and he possessed her, and she can be made doing what he wants. But so women can do. They don't want to submit to men, to be in their possession. They want their freedom too. Today a woman is not the possession of her husband, though he is so rich and influential in some spheres of business. The woman has her dignity. She should, even must be treated like a person who has the right for her own deeds, thoughts, and choice. She has her soul and emotions, bright and profound inner world. She can possess places at those jobs that were recently considered to exist only for men, and only men could apply for them in earlier times. And even if at first glance a woman seems very naive, but in fact she isn�t so. It is not a woman who is serving for her man, but a man may serve a woman. She has her definite aims in her life and career. So, to conclude, it would be appropriate to say that nowadays a woman in Ukraine has won a lot of rights for herself with the changing of her outlook, she becomes more educated and can rule in some spheres even better than men can do. And it sometimes seems that she can be not only the "object" for admiring, but she is not afraid of the world surrounding her, and can take it in her hands. There are a lot of wonderful and nice women in many countries but Ukraine women differ through their attitude to the modern world where they try to keep their special place as wives and mothers like many years ago.